NETosis Markers (ssDNA, dsDNA) as Predictors of Mortality and Hospitalization After Endovascular Aortic Repair

Neutrophils and their extracellular traps (NETs) are pivotal elements of the immune response. This study investigates the dynamics of neutrophil-related markers during the perioperative period of branched endovascular aortic repair (BEVAR) in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs) and evaluates their association with one-year clinical outcomes. A prospective, single-center study was conducted on 20 TAAA patients treated with T-branch devices. The analysis focused on surrogate markers associated with NETosis, including double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and citrullinated histone H3 (citH3). Peripheral venous blood was collected 24 h before BEVAR, and on the third and fifth postoperative days. Patients were monitored for one year to evaluate mortality and hospitalization risks, with predictors identified using Cox regression analysis. Increased postoperative levels of inflammatory markers were significantly associated with higher risks of mortality and hospital readmission. On the third postoperative day, key parameters emerged as predictors of adverse outcomes: dsDNA (HR = 1.000; 95% CI 1.000-1.000; p = 0.027), ssDNA (HR = 1.000; 95% CI 1.000-1.000; p = 0.022), and NLR (HR = 1.226; 95% CI 1.043-1.440; p = 0.013). Markers assessed in the early postoperative period (the third postopearive day) demonstrated superior predictive utility compared to those measured on the fifth postoperative day. CitH3 levels did not show statistical significance as a prognostic factor. Early postoperative evaluation of NET-associated markers, particularly dsDNA and ssDNA, offers prognostic value for predicting mortality and hospitalization risks in TAAA patients undergoing BEVAR. These markers may provide superior predictive accuracy compared to conventional post-implantation syndrome criteria. Enhanced postoperative monitoring of these markers could help identify high-risk patients who may benefit from intensified follow-up.