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Infertility in Females01:28

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
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The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
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Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
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FSH Receptor Asn680Ser Polymorphism Modulates Intrafollicular Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Ovarian Responsiveness

Charalampos Voros1, Diamantis Athanasiou1, Despoina Mavrogianni1

  • 1First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) Asn680Ser polymorphism impacts in vitro fertilisation (IVF) outcomes. Women with the Ser/Ser genotype show improved oocyte yield and fertilisation rates, potentially linked to nitric oxide bioavailability.

Keywords:
Asn680Ser polymorphismFSH receptorIVFinfertilitynitric oxide

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)

Background:

  • Individual ovarian response variability presents challenges in controlled ovarian stimulation during IVF.
  • The follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) Asn680Ser polymorphism influences ovarian sensitivity to FSH.
  • The role of intrafollicular redox signaling, particularly nitric oxide (NO), in relation to this polymorphism is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the FSHR Asn680Ser polymorphism and intrafollicular nitric oxide metabolites (NO2-NO3) in women undergoing IVF.
  • To compare ovarian response indicators, hormonal profiles, and fertilisation outcomes between different FSHR genotype groups.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study classifying women undergoing IVF into Asn allele carriers (Asn/Asn, Asn/Ser) and Ser/Ser homozygotes based on FSHR Asn680Ser genotype.
  • Assessment of follicular fluid NO2-NO3 concentrations, ovarian response markers, hormonal levels, and fertilisation rates.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in baseline or trigger-day hormone levels were observed between groups.
  • Ser/Ser homozygotes exhibited a significantly higher total oocyte count and a greater number of metaphase II oocytes compared to Asn allele carriers.
  • Fertilisation outcomes were enhanced in the Ser/Ser group, with a trend towards increased intrafollicular NO2-NO3 concentrations, although this did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:

  • The FSHR Asn680Ser polymorphism is associated with differential ovarian responsiveness in IVF.
  • Genetic variations in the FSH receptor may influence functional follicular competence and intrafollicular nitric oxide bioavailability, impacting IVF success rates.