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Author Spotlight: Advancing Cancer Associated Thrombosis Research in Rodent Models
Published on: January 5, 2024
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Sex Differences in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis
Andrea Giachi1, Davide Santagata2, Addolorata Truma1
1Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 14, 2026
Summary
Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) risk varies by biological sex and gender. Men have higher overall venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence, while women may face earlier, therapy-linked events, necessitating sex-informed research for precision oncology.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Hematology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) significantly increases morbidity and mortality in cancer patients.
- Biological sex and gender influence venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk and presentation in cancer.
- Understanding these differences is crucial for personalized cancer care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review epidemiological, biological, and clinical data on sex and gender differences in CAT.
- To explore how these factors impact VTE risk and treatment complications across malignancies.
- To highlight the need for sex- and gender-specific research in CAT.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of existing literature.
- Synthesis of data on sex- and gender-related disparities in CAT.
- Analysis of epidemiological trends, biological mechanisms, and clinical outcomes.
Main Results:
- Men generally show higher VTE incidence; women may experience earlier, treatment-related events.
- Sex-based differences exist in coagulation, inflammation, and treatment complications like bleeding.
- Data on sex differences in hematologic malignancies are limited and inconsistent.
Conclusions:
- Biological sex is a significant factor modifying CAT risk.
- Sex- and gender-informed research and reporting are essential for advancing precision medicine in oncology and thrombosis.
- Further investigation is needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms and address disparities.
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