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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Sex-Biased Gene Expression in Duck Turbinate Tissue.

Kangling Li1, Kexin Wu1, Qinglian Li1

  • 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals significant sex-based gene expression differences in duck olfactory tissues, identifying key genes involved in neuronal signaling and tissue organization. These findings offer insights into duck olfaction and potential applications in poultry management.

Keywords:
RNA-seqWGCNAducksex-biased gene expressionturbinate tissue

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Genomics
  • Sensory Biology
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Olfaction plays a vital role in duck behaviors like foraging and mating.
  • The molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in duck olfaction are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize sex-biased transcriptional programs in duck olfactory turbinate tissue.
  • To identify candidate genes and pathways associated with sex differences in duck olfaction.

Main Methods:

  • Bulk RNA sequencing of turbinate tissue from male and female Tianfu Nonghua Mottled Ducks.
  • Differential gene expression analysis to identify sex-biased genes.
  • Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs).
  • Construction of sex-biased co-expression networks.

Main Results:

  • A significant global transcriptomic separation between male and female ducks was observed, with 1906 DEGs identified.
  • DEGs were enriched in pathways associated with neuronal signaling, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix organization.
  • While olfactory receptors (ORs) and trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) showed limited sex bias, TACR2 and DRD4 emerged as key neuromodulatory genes in sex-biased networks.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a molecular profile of sex-biased transcription in duck turbinate tissue.
  • Coordinated sex-associated differences in signaling and tissue organization programs were suggested.
  • TACR2 and DRD4 are nominated as candidate genes for future functional studies in duck olfaction and poultry breeding.