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Production of Germ-Free Fast-Growing Broilers from a Commercial Line for Microbiota Studies

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A Decade of Evidence on Broiler Chicken Dead-on-Arrival Rates and Risk Factors: A Scoping Review.

Samantha Vitek¹, Leonie Jacobs¹

¹School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, 175 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

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|March 14, 2026

Summary

Dead-on-arrivals (DOA) in broiler chickens are a significant welfare issue, with rates up to 0.85%. Key risk factors include journey length, season, temperature, lairage time, and body weight, offering opportunities for improvement.

Keywords:

animal welfare broiler chicken dead-on-arrival transport

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Area of Science:

Animal Welfare Science
Poultry Science
Veterinary Public Health

Background:

Preslaughter handling of broiler chickens presents significant animal welfare challenges, often leading to mortality before processing.
Understanding the rates and contributing factors to dead-on-arrivals (DOA) is crucial for mitigating welfare concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a scoping review synthesizing current knowledge on DOA rates in broiler chickens.
To identify and categorize on-farm, flock-level, and preslaughter risk factors associated with DOA.

Main Methods:

Systematic search of peer-reviewed literature in Google Scholar and ScienceDirect (2014-2024).
Inclusion of experimental or observational studies reporting broiler chicken DOA rates or risk factors.
Analysis of 24 eligible studies out of 344 identified articles.

Main Results:

Mean DOA rates varied from 0% to 0.85%.
Identified nine on-farm/flock and 11 preslaughter risk factors contributing to DOA.
Commonly identified risk factors included journey duration/distance, season, ambient temperature, lairage duration, and body weight.
Major causes of DOA were categorized as poor health, distress, thermal stress, and trauma.

Conclusions:

Multiple interventions can reduce DOA, focusing on flock characteristics, breeding for reduced DOA susceptibility, and optimizing catching/loading practices.
Better integration of preslaughter management with environmental conditions is essential for improving broiler welfare.
Addressing identified risk factors offers significant potential to enhance broiler chicken welfare during the preslaughter phase.