Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

6.3K
The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
6.3K
Electro-mechanical Systems01:19

Electro-mechanical Systems

1.8K
Electromechanical systems are intricate configurations that effectively combine electrical and mechanical elements to achieve a desired outcome. Central to many of these systems is the DC motor, a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, enabling various applications ranging from simple fans to complex robotic mechanisms.
A key component of the DC motor is the armature, a rotating circuit positioned within a magnetic field. As an electric current passes through the...
1.8K
Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

429
Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
429
Motor Units00:46

Motor Units

62.5K
A motor unit consists of two main components: a single efferent motor neuron (i.e., a neuron that carries impulses away from the central nervous system) and all of the muscle fibers it innervates. The motor neuron may innervate multiple muscle fibers, which are single cells, but only one motor neuron innervates a single muscle fiber.
62.5K
Motor Units01:13

Motor Units

9.3K
The motor unit is a fundamental component of the neuromuscular system and plays a crucial role in coordinating muscle contractions. It consists of a somatic motor neuron, which connects and controls multiple skeletal muscle fibers, forming a single functional segment. The axon of the motor neuron branches out and establishes synaptic connections known as neuromuscular junctions with individual muscle fibers within the motor unit.
Motor units come in different sizes, with smaller units...
9.3K
Simplified Synchronous Machine Model01:30

Simplified Synchronous Machine Model

862
The Synchronous Machine Model is a fundamental tool in analyzing and ensuring the transient stability of power systems. This model simplifies the representation of a synchronous machine under balanced three-phase positive-sequence conditions, assuming constant excitation and ignoring losses and saturation. The model is pivotal for understanding the behavior of synchronous generators connected to a power grid, particularly during transient events.
In this model, each generator is connected to a...
862

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Concurrent Generation of Tight and Loose Ion Pairs upon Charge-Transfer Excitation of Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes in Solution.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of Hydrogen-Bonded Cytosine Microsolvated Clusters with Protic and Aprotic Polar Solvents.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2018
Same author

Ultrafast Charge Recombination Dynamics in Ternary Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexes: (Benzene)<sub>2</sub>-Tetracyanoethylene Complexes.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2016
Same author

Microhydration Effects on the Ultrafast Photodynamics of Cytosine: Evidences for a Possible Hydration-Site Dependence.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2015
Same author

Ultrafast time-resolved broadband fluorescence studies of the benzene-tetracyanoethylene complex: solvation, vibrational relaxation, and charge recombination dynamics.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2013
Same author

Phospholipid-functionalized mesoporous silica nanocarriers for selective photodynamic therapy of cancer.

Biomaterials·2013

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

12.3K

Robust PMSM Speed Control for EV Traction Drives: A FOPSO-Optimized Hybrid Fuzzy Fractional-Order PI Strategy.

Chih-Chung Chiu1, Wei-Lung Mao1, Feng-Chun Tai1

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou 64002, Yunlin, Taiwan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a robust controller for electric vehicle motors, significantly improving speed control accuracy and stability. The new method enhances performance in real-world driving conditions by overcoming common challenges in motor drive systems.

Keywords:
CarSim co-simulationelectric vehicles (EVs)fractional-order controlfuzzy logicparticle swarm optimization (PSO)permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)robustnesssensor noise

More Related Videos

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump
09:04

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

3.7K
Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

12.3K
A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump
09:04

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

3.7K
Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator
06:45

Design and Application of a Fault Detection Method Based on Adaptive Filters and Rotational Speed Estimation for an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator

Published on: October 28, 2022

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Control Systems
  • Automotive Engineering

Background:

  • Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives in Electric Vehicles (EVs) require precise speed control.
  • Challenges include nonlinearities, parameter variations, and signal imperfections like sensor noise and latency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust controller for high-performance PMSM speed control in EVs.
  • To address nonlinearities, parameter variations, and signal non-idealities.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a PI-based Fractional-Order PSO-Fuzzy Weight Controller (PI-FOPSOFWC).
  • Integrated a fractional-order PI (FOPI) core for iso-damping robustness.
  • Utilized fuzzy inference for online gain scheduling and Fractional-Order Particle Swarm Optimization (FOPSO) for parameter tuning.
  • Validated using a co-simulation framework (MATLAB/Simulink with CarSim 2023) incorporating realistic vehicle dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The PI-FOPSOFWC effectively eliminated overshoot in step responses.
  • Demonstrated stability under significant parameter mismatches (e.g., 2.0x inertia).
  • Reduced speed tracking Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by 75.0% under the EPA urban driving cycle compared to a standard PI controller.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed PI-FOPSOFWC offers robust and accurate speed control for PMSM drives in EVs.
  • The co-simulation validation confirms its effectiveness in realistic driving scenarios.
  • Computational analysis indicates feasibility for real-time implementation in commercial EV traction drives.