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Related Concept Videos

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete01:22

Waterproofing and Anti-Bacterial Admixtures in Concrete

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States of Water01:23

States of Water

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Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
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Conservation of Protein Domains

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Effect of Sea Water on Concrete01:22

Effect of Sea Water on Concrete

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Concrete exposed to seawater can undergo degradation like the dissolution of ettringite and gypsum, increasing the material's porosity and decreasing its strength. In contrast, the crystallization of salts within the concrete's pores can cause expansion, particularly above the waterline where evaporation occurs. Nonetheless, this expansion only happens when seawater, enabled by the concrete's permeability, manages to infiltrate the structure.
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Degree of Unsaturation02:05

Degree of Unsaturation

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The degree of unsaturation (U), or index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD), is defined as the difference in the number of pairs of hydrogen atoms between the compound and the acyclic alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. Each double bond or ring costs two hydrogen atoms compared to a saturated analog and results in one degree of unsaturation.
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Related Experiment Videos

Advances in Semantic-Preserving Text Watermarking.

Jiale Meng1, Zheming Lu1

  • 1School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This paper surveys semantic-preserving text watermarking, focusing on image, font, and format-based methods. It provides a framework to analyze techniques for robust and imperceptible digital text protection.

Keywords:
document securityfont-based watermarkingformat-based watermarkingimage-based watermarkingsemantic-preservingsurveytext watermarking

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Information Security

Background:

  • Textual content faces significant security threats like copyright infringement and tampering.
  • Traditional text watermarking is challenged by discrete structures and low redundancy, impacting legibility.
  • Recent semantic-based methods using Large Language Models (LLMs) may not suit high-stakes applications demanding content integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive survey of recent semantic-preserving text watermarking techniques.
  • To propose a unified classification framework for analyzing these methods.
  • To offer a structured technical reference for advancing secure text protection.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on image-based, font-based, and format-based text watermarking techniques.
  • Develops a unified classification framework to analyze methodologies.
  • Examines principles, robustness, embedding capacity, and imperceptibility of various approaches.

Main Results:

  • Identifies and categorizes recent semantic-preserving text watermarking methods.
  • Clarifies the core characteristics and limitations of existing techniques.
  • Highlights the need for methods suitable for high-stakes scenarios requiring visual fidelity.

Conclusions:

  • Semantic-preserving text watermarking is crucial for protecting sensitive digital content.
  • A systematic analysis framework aids in understanding and advancing text watermarking technologies.
  • Further research is needed to develop robust, scalable, and imperceptible text protection solutions.