Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

PI Controller: Design01:24

PI Controller: Design

1.4K
Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are a fundamental component in modern control systems, widely used to enhance performance and mitigate steady-state errors. They are particularly effective in applications such as automatic brightness adjustment on smartphones, where they excel at mitigating steady-state errors for step-function inputs. Unlike PD controllers, which require time-varying errors to function optimally, PI controllers leverage their integral component to address residual...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An Atlas for the Inkjet Printing of Large-Area Tactile Sensors.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

3D-Printed Soft Sensors for Adaptive Sensing with Online and Offline Tunable Stiffness.

Soft robotics·2022
Same author

An anthropomorphic soft skeleton hand exploiting conditional models for piano playing.

Science robotics·2020
Same author

Contact Modelling and Tactile Data Processing for Robot Skins.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

High-Throughput, In-Field Screening of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Plants Using an Autonomous Robot
07:12

High-Throughput, In-Field Screening of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Plants Using an Autonomous Robot

Published on: January 9, 2026

500

On the Characterisation of the Time-of-Flight VL53L5CX Sensor by STMicroelectronics for Indoor Robotics Applications.

Giammarco Caroleo1, Alessandro Albini1, Perla Maiolino1

  • 1Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Miniaturised proximity Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors offer robotic advantages but require careful characterization. This study quantifies their performance, revealing repeatable measurements suitable for improved robotic models and applications.

Keywords:
point cloudsproximity sensingroboticstime-of-flight

More Related Videos

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor
07:17

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Published on: August 3, 2018

6.5K
Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers
07:12

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers

Published on: December 12, 2025

248

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

High-Throughput, In-Field Screening of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Plants Using an Autonomous Robot
07:12

High-Throughput, In-Field Screening of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Plants Using an Autonomous Robot

Published on: January 9, 2026

500
Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor
07:17

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Published on: August 3, 2018

6.5K
Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers
07:12

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers

Published on: December 12, 2025

248

Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Sensor Technology
  • Mechatronics

Background:

  • Miniaturised proximity Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors are increasingly vital for robotics due to their low cost, size, and power consumption.
  • Manufacturer datasheets often lack comprehensive data on sensor performance under varying operating conditions and target properties, crucial for robotic integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize the performance of VL53L5CX ToF sensors for robotics applications.
  • To investigate factors influencing sensor accuracy and reliability, including environmental conditions and target characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Three VL53L5CX sensors, an ambient light sensor, and a thermistor were mounted on a robotic manipulator in a controlled laboratory setting.
  • Experiments were conducted to evaluate sensor drift, ambient illumination effects, within-frame beam variability, depth accuracy across different materials and distances, orientation sensitivity, and signal-to-noise ratio.

Main Results:

  • A transient warm-up effect was observed, followed by stabilized measurements.
  • A near-linear range-dependent bias was identified, with higher uncertainty for dark targets.
  • Limited within-frame variability and an invalid measurement rate below 10% were recorded.
  • The VL53L5CX sensors demonstrated repeatable measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The VL53L5CX sensors provide reliable performance for robotic applications when characterized.
  • Findings enable the development of more accurate sensor models and range bias correction techniques.
  • This research supports the expanded use of ToF sensors in diverse robotic systems.