Criterion Validity and Inter-Method Reliability of a Smartphone Sensor-Based Application for Lower-Limb Range of...

The increasing use of telerehabilitation has intensified the need for validated smartphone sensor-based tools capable of accurately capturing joint range of motion (ROM). This study examined the criterion validity of the PhysioMaster application compared with a universal goniometer during in-person assessments and evaluated the inter-method reliability between in-person and online PhysioMaster measurements. Thirty healthy young adults underwent standardized hip, knee, and ankle ROM testing using both approaches. The criterion validity was limited for most joints, with only ankle plantarflexion demonstrating the highest validity and dorsiflexion showing a moderate association; in contrast, hip and knee ROM exhibited poor agreement with goniometric values. Despite limited absolute agreement, PhysioMaster demonstrated moderate to good inter-method reliability for hip and knee ROM, indicating consistency across assessment modes. These findings suggest that while PhysioMaster may not serve as a direct substitute for in-person goniometry, it shows potential as a consistent tool for tracking ROM changes remotely, particularly for hip and knee movements. The application may support remote musculoskeletal monitoring within telerehabilitation contexts where repeated, standardized assessments are required.