The Epidemiology of Sickle Cell Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current Knowledge and Gaps to be Filled

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is highly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Epidemiological data remain sparse, but regional screening and research initiatives are expanding. Due to genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors, the disease course differs markedly from that in high-income countries. Although mortality is improving and can be further lowered with simple interventions, it remains high, especially among undiagnosed children. Genetic factors, poor healthcare infrastructure, and poverty contribute to disease severity. While recent collaborative programs like SickleInAfrica offer hope, national policies that foster the training of healthcare workers, newborn screening, and access to treatment are crucial to reducing the burden of SCD across the region.