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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils
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Using resurvey data to predict changes in ecosystem functioning across protected and unprotected coastal dunes.

Greta La Bella1, Alicia T R Acosta1, Tommaso Jucker2

  • 1Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.

Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology
|March 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strictly protected areas maintain stable coastal dune ecosystem functions over time. Loosely protected or unprotected areas show changes in functions like biomass production and invasion resistance, often due to non-native species.

Keywords:
BEFNatura 2000biodiversidadbiodiversitycambios temporalesecosystem functioningenfoque basado en rasgosfuncionamiento ecosistémicoprotected areasreinspecciónresurveytemporal changestrait‐based approacháreas protegidas保护地再调查基于性状的方法时序变化生态系统功能生物多样性生物多样性-生态系统功能

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Protected areas aim to conserve biodiversity, but their impact on ecosystem functions is less understood.
  • Historical data on ecosystem functions are often scarce, hindering long-term assessments.
  • Plant diversity is crucial for maintaining ecosystem functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test how protected areas affect ecosystem functions over time.
  • To reconstruct past ecosystem functioning using a trait-based approach.
  • To compare functional changes across different protection regimes.

Main Methods:

  • Resurveyed vegetation in protected and unprotected coastal dune plots.
  • Measured ecosystem functions (biomass, carbon, water, nutrients, erosion, invasion).
  • Quantified biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships and used them to hindcast past functions.

Main Results:

  • Unprotected areas showed increased biomass, carbon, and water regulation, linked to non-native species.
  • Natura 2000 sites (loose protection) had reduced erosion control and invasion resistance.
  • National protected areas (strict protection) maintained stable ecosystem functions, with increased invasion resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Ecosystem functioning remained stable only in strictly protected areas.
  • A trait-based approach with resurvey data can hindcast past ecosystem functioning.
  • Conservation strategies should consider the long-term functional stability of protected areas.