Distinguishing the theoretical components of positive body image via expert consensus

Positive body image is a multifaceted construct associated with a range of well-being outcomes. Tylka and Wood-Barcalow's (2015) framework outlined six overlapping yet unique components: (i) body appreciation, (ii) body acceptance and love, (iii) broadly conceptualizing beauty, (iv) adaptive appearance investment, (v) inner positivity, and (vi) filtering information in a body-protective manner. However, to examine their relative importance in well-being, there is a need to distinguish between these components to enable experimental operationalization. The present study used a Delphi method, seeking expert consensus to inform development of distinct definitions. Feedback on the incorporation of body functionality across component definitions was also sought to expand the focus beyond appearance. 24 researchers with expertise in positive body image provided qualitative and quantitative feedback on proposed definitions over three rounds, comprising ratings of importance, clarity, and distinctiveness. Findings supported retention of body appreciation, body acceptance, broadly conceptualizing beauty, adaptive body investment, and protective filtering, with clear and distinct definitions agreed upon. Consensus feedback indicated that inner positivity was not viewed as important or distinct relative to the other components, leading to its removal from further consideration in the study. Experts generally agreed on the incorporation of body functionality into most components, apart from broadly conceptualizing beauty which was seen as best focused on appearance. The agreed definitions and findings inform theory-building, development of measures, and comparison of interventions which target different aspects of positive body image.