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Morphometric Evaluation of the Craniovertebral Junction Using Computed Tomography: A Sex-Based Analysis of 500 Adults
Nuri Fidan1, Aymelek Cetin2, Alptekin Tosun3
1Department of Anatomy, Institute of Health Sciences, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey, inonu.edu.tr.
Background And Objective:
The anatomy of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) varies considerably across populations, yet comprehensive Turkish-specific morphometric data remain limited. We aim to establish normative CVJ measurements in Turkish males and females using computed tomography (CT).
Study Design:
Retrospective morphological study.
Materials And Methods:
A retrospective analysis of CT images from 500 patients (250 females and 250 males, aged 25-40 years) was conducted between January and December 2022. CVJ measurements were obtained, and sex-related differences were assessed.
Results:
The mean atlantodental interval was 1.45 ± 0.01 mm, posterior atlantodental interval 19.35 ± 0.09 mm, McGregor line 79.78 ± 0.21 mm, Chamberlain line 76.95 ± 1.21 mm, McRae line 36.27 ± 0.12 mm, Wachenheim clivus-canal angle 154.65 ± 0.45°, sphenoid angle 121.15 ± 0.39° (no sex difference, p = 0.083), Welcher basal angle 130.02 ± 0.28° (higher in females, p < 0.001), basion-axial interval 7.13 ± 0.07 mm (higher in males, p = 0.011), basion-dental interval 5.32 ± 0.06 mm, and craniocervical tilt angle 123.94 ± 0.44° (higher in males, p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
This study provides a comprehensive CT-based analysis of CVJ measurements in Turkish adults, establishes normative morphometric values, and shows that most parameters exhibit sex-based differences. These population- and sex-specific reference data may be crucial for improving the accuracy of clinical assessments and surgical planning.
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