Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 16, 2026

In vitro Digestion of Emulsions in a Single Droplet via Multi Subphase Exchange of Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids
Published on: November 18, 2022
Extrusion-formed starch-phenolic acid complexes: Physico-chemical properties and in vitro digestibility
Zixi Wang1, Xi Peng1, Guodong Zhang1
1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China.
Abstract:
Extrusion processing was employed to prepare starch-phenolic acid complexes using three starch types (A-type corn, B-type potato, and C-type pea) and two phenolic acids (ferulic acid, FA; gallic acid, GA). The resulting complexes exhibited high complex indices (65.73-96.83%), with corn starch showing superior complexation ability and GA demonstrating higher inclusion efficiency. Structural analyses (XRD, FTIR) confirmed the formation of V-type crystalline structures with enhanced short-range order, and TGA indicated improved thermal stability. Molecular docking revealed that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions primarily drove complexation. In vitro digestion experiments revealed an increase in resistant starch content ranging from 8 to 21%, with the corn starch-GA complex exhibiting the lowest digestibility-attributed to its high complex index (∼100%), highest relative crystallinity (13.09%), and elevated short-range order. Complexes formed layered spherulites that became hollow shells, sterically hindering enzymes. This study establishes extrusion as an effective strategy for preparing highly resistant digestible starch-phenolic acid complexes, highlighting the critical roles of starch source and phenolic acid structure in modulating the properties of the complexes.
Related Concept Videos
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Carbohydrate Digestion
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

