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Heavy Metals and One Health: Current Status and Future Prospects.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Water resources face escalating contamination from heavy metals like lead, cadmium, and mercury.
  • These non-biodegradable elements accumulate in organisms, causing severe health issues and disrupting ecosystems.
  • Factors include industrialization, agriculture, and overpopulation, impacting the One Health framework.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing research on heavy metal contamination in various water bodies.
  • To analyze metal types, levels, contributing factors, and health impacts across different regions.
  • To assess the current status and future prospects of heavy metal pollution in water.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on groundwater, drinking water, and surface water.
  • Analysis of data on heavy metal concentrations, geographical variations, and sources.
  • Evaluation of environmental, animal, and human health effects.

Main Results:

  • Heavy metal contamination is a widespread issue with significant regional variations.
  • Identified key sources include industrial activities, agricultural practices, and natural processes.
  • Documented adverse health effects range from gastrointestinal diseases to cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent attention is needed to mitigate heavy metal pollution in water resources.
  • Effective strategies require addressing industrial and agricultural sources and improving water quality monitoring.
  • Further research is essential for sustainable water management and protecting public health.