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Related Concept Videos

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Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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Gestalt psychology, founded by Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler, emphasizes the importance of understanding perception as an organized whole. Developed as a counter to Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism, this approach posits that our perceptions are more than just the sum of sensory parts; they are comprehensive wholes where the relationships between parts define the perception. The principle "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" encapsulates this view,...
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Accurate signal sampling and reconstruction are crucial in various signal-processing applications. A time-domain signal's spectrum can be revealed using its Fourier transform. When this signal is sampled at a specific frequency, it results in multiple scaled replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain. The spacing of these replicas is determined by the sampling frequency.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Construction of an Improved Multi-Tetrode Hyperdrive for Large-Scale Neural Recording in Behaving Rats
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Hallucinated citations produced by generative artificial intelligence may constitute research misconduct when

David B Resnik1, Mohammad Hosseini2,3

  • 1National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, USA.

Accountability in Research
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This summary is machine-generated.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) can produce hallucinated citations, which may constitute research misconduct if used as data without verification. Researchers must ensure citation accuracy to uphold scholarly integrity and responsible AI use.

Keywords:
Hallucinated citationsfabricationgenerative artificial intelligencepublication ethicsresearch misconduct

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Area of Science:

  • Scholarly Communication
  • Research Integrity
  • Artificial Intelligence Ethics

Background:

  • Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools are increasingly used in scholarly writing.
  • Hallucinated citations (nonexistent references) generated by GenAI pose a significant challenge.
  • Existing regulations on research misconduct may apply to the use of fabricated citations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define conditions under which GenAI-hallucinated citations may be considered research misconduct.
  • To differentiate between research misconduct and poor scholarship concerning citation errors.
  • To advocate for the establishment of standards for responsible AI use in research.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of U.S. federal regulations concerning research misconduct.
  • Case-based reasoning to evaluate the potential for GenAI-hallucinated citations to meet misconduct criteria.
  • Literature review on AI ethics and scholarly publishing standards.

Main Results:

  • GenAI-hallucinated citations can constitute research misconduct when used as supporting data without verification, meeting specific federal criteria.
  • Bibliometrically incorrect or contextually inaccurate citations, while indicative of poor scholarship, do not meet the threshold for misconduct.
  • Failure to verify GenAI output for accuracy and veracity is a key factor in determining misconduct.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing the potential for GenAI-hallucinated citations to be research misconduct encourages greater researcher diligence.
  • The scholarly community, in collaboration with institutions and funders, must develop and enforce AI usage standards, particularly for citation practices.
  • Proactive measures and clear guidelines are essential to maintain research integrity in the age of AI.