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Factors Affecting Workability

Factors Affecting Workability

The workability of concrete is a critical characteristic that influences the ease of mixing, handling, and finishing the concrete. It is affected by several factors including water content, aggregate properties, and admixtures like air entrainment. Water plays a fundamental role as it lubricates the concrete mix, facilitating easier movement and placement. However, the water requirement varies depending on the texture and shape of aggregates. Finer particles and angular, rough-textured...

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Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

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Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.

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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes TILLING Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis

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Optimizing wheat development to a range of winter climates.

Dominique Hirsz¹, Laura E Dixon¹

¹Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Seeland D-06466, Germany.

Journal of Experimental Botany

|March 15, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change disrupts crop production. Understanding how winter wheat responds to photoperiod and temperature cues is crucial for developing climate-resilient cultivars.

Keywords:

Adaptation changing climate vernalization winter wheat

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Determination of the Absorption, Translocation, and Distribution of Imidacloprid in Wheat

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Published on: April 28, 2023

Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Plant Biology
Climate Change Adaptation

Background:

Climate change poses significant threats to global crop production by altering environmental cues essential for plant development.
Wheat, a major global crop, relies on photoperiod and temperature for regulating flowering time, making it sensitive to climate variability.
Winter wheat varieties are particularly vulnerable to changes in cold duration and spring photoperiod onset, impacting yield and sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying winter wheat's response to combined photoperiod and temperature cues.
To identify key genes regulating floral transition and flowering in response to environmental signals.
To explore strategies for developing climate-resilient winter wheat cultivars adaptable to changing environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on wheat photoperiod and temperature responses.
Analysis of genetic pathways involved in flowering time regulation.
Exploration of breeding strategies for enhanced winter hardiness and environmental plasticity.

Main Results:

Identified critical gene networks mediating responses to photoperiod and temperature in wheat.
Highlighted the sensitivity of winter wheat to variations in winter cold and spring photoperiod.
Outlined the challenges and opportunities for breeding climate-resilient winter wheat.

Conclusions:

Understanding the interplay of photoperiod and temperature is vital for adapting winter wheat to climate change.
Developing cultivars that are resilient to winter conditions yet flexible in their vernalization requirements is key.
Further research into gene-environment interactions will facilitate the creation of sustainable and productive winter wheat varieties.