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Modulation of feedback-related negativity by objective and subjective response correctness.
Yasuhisa Maruyama1,2, Keita Aoyama3, Osamu Fukayama4,5,6
1Center for Information and Neural Networks, Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. ymaruyama@nict.go.jp.
Scientific Reports
|March 16, 2026
Summary
This study investigated the feedback-related negativity (FRN) brain signal, finding it reflects objective response correctness even for errors not consciously perceived. This suggests a shared neural basis for monitoring performance accuracy.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Psychophysiology
Background:
- Performance monitoring is crucial for adapting to environmental demands.
- Error-related negativity (ERN) and feedback-related negativity (FRN) are event-related potentials (ERPs) linked to performance monitoring.
- The FRN's sensitivity to unconsciously perceived errors remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether the FRN is modulated by objective and subjective response correctness.
- To determine if the FRN processes unconsciously perceived errors.
Main Methods:
- Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record brain activity from 28 participants.
- Participants performed a digit-entering task with false feedback trials.
- Single-trial EEG data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models.
Main Results:
- FRN amplitudes were significantly modulated by objective response correctness, independent of subjective error certainty.
- Response time in subsequent trials was also influenced by objective correctness.
- Behavioral measures did not fully align with ERN or FRN patterns.
Conclusions:
- The FRN reflects objective response correctness, even when errors may not be consciously perceived.
- These findings suggest a common neural representation of objective correctness in the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) for both response- and feedback-related activity.
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