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Community development practice in occupational therapy: A scoping review.

Tetsuya Anzai1, Atsushi Kawabata1,2, Norikazu Kobayashi1

  • 1Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.

Australian Occupational Therapy Journal
|March 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This scoping review maps community development in occupational therapy, revealing fragmented knowledge and limited diversity in research. It identifies barriers and enablers to advance this practice area.

Keywords:
community developmentcommunity participationhealth servicesoccupational therapyprofessional role

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational therapy research
  • Community development studies
  • Societal and community-level interventions

Background:

  • Occupational therapy is shifting focus to community and societal issues.
  • Knowledge on community development in occupational therapy is fragmented.
  • This study maps research, discussion, and conceptualization of community development within the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively map community development research in occupational therapy.
  • To identify trends in understanding and conceptualizing community development.
  • To uncover barriers and enablers for practitioners and researchers.

Main Methods:

  • Scoping review of 10 databases up to September 2025.
  • Combined search terms: 'occupational therapy' with 'community development' or 'community-centred practice'.
  • Descriptive statistics and content analysis of 38 selected articles.

Main Results:

  • 38 articles (1996-2025) from Canada, Australia, and South Africa were included.
  • 18 empirical studies, mostly qualitative, were analyzed.
  • Findings categorized into 'What is known?' and 'How it's described in OT?'

Conclusions:

  • Limited contextual and methodological diversity in current research.
  • Identified key barriers and enablers for community development practice.
  • Recommendations for future research, theoretical development, and education are provided.