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Frailty Status Predicts Urinary Tract Infection Risk Following Kidney Transplant.

Rebecca Unterborn1, Liza M Creel2, Kristine M Erlandson1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Transplant Infectious Disease : an Official Journal of the Transplantation Society
|March 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frailty significantly increases the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Early assessment of frailty is crucial for managing post-transplant care and preventing UTIs in this population.

Keywords:
frailtykidney transplanturinary tract infections

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Transplantation
  • Geriatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common complication after kidney transplantation (KT).
  • Frailty is a known risk factor for UTIs in older adults, but its impact on KT recipients is understudied.
  • Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk for both UTIs and frailty.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between frailty and the risk of developing UTIs in kidney transplant recipients.
  • To determine if frailty status influences the incidence and timing of UTIs post-KT.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 90 kidney transplant recipients aged 50 years or older.
  • Frailty assessed at baseline using the modified Rockwood-20 frailty index (mFI).
  • Cox proportional hazards regression used to analyze the primary outcome of cumulative UTI occurrence based on frailty status.

Main Results:

  • 37% of KT recipients developed at least one UTI.
  • Frail KT recipients had a significantly higher risk of UTIs (HR 8.13) compared to non-frail recipients.
  • Pre-frail KT recipients also showed an increased UTI risk (HR 4.51), with frail individuals experiencing earlier UTI onset.

Conclusions:

  • Frailty and prefrailty are significant risk factors for UTIs in kidney transplant recipients.
  • Frailty assessment should be integrated into post-transplant care for KT recipients.
  • Targeted interventions are needed to mitigate UTI risk in frail and pre-frail KT recipients.