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A Method for Systematic Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Evaluation of Neural Recording Electrodes
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Hierarchically Restructured Antibacterial Electrodes for Neural Interfaces: Electrochemical and Microstructural

Kriti Panchal1, Wesley Seche2, Henna Khosla3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New platinum-iridium electrodes combine high electrochemical performance with antibacterial zinc oxide coatings. This innovation aims to reduce infection risks in neurostimulation and cardiac devices.

Keywords:
antibacterial coatingselectrochemically active surface areaelectrodeshierarchical surface restructuringneural interfacingplatinum–iridiumzinc oxide films

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Platinum-iridium electrodes are crucial for neurostimulation and cardiac devices due to their electrochemical properties.
  • A significant challenge is the risk of postsurgical infections, necessitating antibacterial functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop electrochemically active antibacterial platinum-iridium electrodes.
  • To enhance the safety and efficacy of neural interfacing and cardiac rhythm management devices.

Main Methods:

  • Hierarchical surface restructuring of platinum-iridium electrodes using femtosecond laser ablation.
  • Deposition of antibacterial zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films via reactive magnetron sputtering.
  • Characterization using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Main Results:

  • Successful formation of ZnO thin films on restructured electrodes, confirmed by XRD and XPS.
  • Increased electrochemical performance with longer ZnO deposition times, attributed to nonconformal film coverage.
  • Demonstrated significant in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Observed ZnO dissolution and recrystallization on the electrode surface after prolonged electrochemical cycling.

Conclusions:

  • A two-step method successfully created multifunctional platinum-iridium electrodes with enhanced electrochemical and antibacterial properties.
  • The developed electrodes show promise for reducing infection risks in medical implants.
  • This strategy offers a pathway for next-generation neural interfacing electrodes.