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Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Reported and Performance-Based Cognitive Functioning in Women
McKenna S Sakamoto1, Douglas P Terry2,3, Eve M Valera4,5
1Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Journal of Neurotrauma
|March 16, 2026
Summary
Women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) with mild brain injuries (mBIs) show cognitive deficits. Both self-reported issues and injury history independently predict poorer neuropsychological test performance in survivors.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- Intimate partner violence (IPV) frequently leads to mild traumatic brain injuries (mBIs), including hypoxic/anoxic injuries.
- The cognitive and neurobehavioral effects of IPV-related mBIs are understudied, particularly in female survivors.
- Understanding these consequences is crucial for developing targeted interventions and support services.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationship between self-reported cognitive functioning and IPV-related mBI severity.
- To assess the impact of these factors on objective neuropsychological test performance in women survivors of physical IPV.
- To identify potential independent predictors of cognitive impairment in this population.
Main Methods:
- Recruited 48 women from shelters and health programs who experienced physical IPV.
- Administered a neuropsychological test battery, clinical interviews, and self-report questionnaires (RPQ-Cog for cognitive function, BISA for IPV-mBI history).
- Used hierarchical linear regressions to analyze the association between self-reported cognitive function, IPV-mBI scores, and neuropsychological test performance, controlling for covariates.
Main Results:
- Self-reported cognitive functioning significantly predicted performance on tests of immediate verbal memory and planning/initiation.
- IPV-mBI severity score significantly predicted performance on a cognitive switching test and the global cognitive composite score.
- No significant interaction was found between self-reported cognitive function and IPV-mBI history on neuropsychological outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Both self-reported cognitive difficulties and a history of IPV-mBI are independently associated with poorer objective cognitive functioning in women survivors.
- Findings highlight the need for comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations for women with IPV and cognitive concerns or a history of mBI.
- Emphasizes the importance of implementing screening tools for IPV-mBI history and neurobehavioral symptoms in clinical settings.
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