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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air
08:57

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air

Published on: February 5, 2017

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A Miniature Ion Trap Particle Mass Spectrometer with an Integrated Optical and Charge Detection System.

Yixin Pan1,2, Caiqiao Xiong3, Jinlong Jiang4

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|March 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A compact ion trap mass spectrometer was developed for particle analysis. This instrument offers both optical and charge detection modes for accurate mass-to-charge ratio determination.

Keywords:
charge detectionmice red blood cellminiature ion trap particle mass spectrometeroptical detectionquadrupole ion trap

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Instrument Development
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Particle analysis requires precise mass-to-charge ratio determination.
  • Existing instruments can be bulky and lack versatile detection capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a compact, versatile ion trap mass spectrometer for particle analysis.
  • To integrate both optical and charge detection systems into a single instrument.
  • To demonstrate the instrument's feasibility using standard particles and biological samples.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer with an open architecture.
  • Integration of optical detection (scattered light analysis) and charge detection systems.
  • Switching between optical detection mode for accurate m/Z calculation and charge detection mode for rapid m/Z, charge (Z), and mass determination.
  • Testing with 3 μm polystyrene size standards and mouse red blood cells.

Main Results:

  • A compact ion trap particle mass spectrometer (8 kg, 333 × 221 × 192 mm enclosure) was successfully constructed.
  • Optical detection mode accurately determined the particle ion's mass-to-charge (m/Z) ratio via stationary star pattern ion motion.
  • Charge detection mode rapidly determined particle m/Z, charge number (Z), and mass.
  • Feasibility demonstrated using polystyrene standards and red blood cells.

Conclusions:

  • The developed miniature ion trap mass spectrometer is a compact and versatile tool for particle analysis.
  • The dual optical and charge detection modes offer flexibility and accuracy in determining particle properties.
  • This instrument shows promise for various applications requiring precise particle characterization.