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Rural-urban differences in the economic contributions of veterinary practices across 10 states
Clinton L Neill1, Jonathan Baros2, Abby ShalekBriski3
1Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|March 16, 2026
Summary
Veterinary services significantly boost local economies in both rural and urban areas. Rural counties exhibit higher economic intensity per veterinary establishment, highlighting the need for rural workforce support.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Economics
- Rural Economics
- Economic Impact Analysis
Background:
- Veterinary services are crucial for animal health and agricultural productivity.
- Understanding the economic contributions of veterinary services is vital for regional development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify and compare the economic contributions of veterinary services in rural versus urban counties across 10 U.S. states.
- To assess if rural areas demonstrate higher economic intensity for veterinary services.
Main Methods:
- County-level economic contribution analysis using 2023 IMPLAN data.
- Extracted direct employment and output, calculated total effects and multipliers.
- Employed log-linear OLS models to estimate employment and output intensity, controlling for socioeconomic factors.
Main Results:
- Veterinary services generated over 75,000 direct jobs and $7.2 billion in direct output nationwide.
- Rural counties showed a higher economic intensity per veterinary establishment compared to urban counties.
- Employment and output multipliers indicated significant local economic spillovers.
Conclusions:
- Veterinary services are substantial drivers of local economic activity and generate significant spillovers.
- Despite lower overall volume, rural counties exhibit greater economic intensity, underscoring the importance of rural veterinary workforce initiatives.
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