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Narcotic tolerance and operant behavior.

J H Woods, J Carney

    NIDA Research Monograph
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Repeated narcotic exposure causes tolerance, a reduced drug effect, in animals. This narcotic tolerance is specific to opioids and does not disrupt behavior when drug intake stops.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Behavioral Neuroscience
    • Addiction Research

    Background:

    • Narcotic tolerance is characterized by a rightward shift in dose-effect curves for operant behavior after repeated drug administration.
    • Tolerance to narcotics has been documented in various animal models, including pigeons and rhesus monkeys, using operant responding paradigms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the characteristics and specificity of narcotic tolerance in animal models.
    • To examine the relationship between the amount of morphine administered and the development of tolerance.
    • To assess the impact of narcotic tolerance on both food- and drug-reinforced operant responding.

    Main Methods:

    • Operant behavior was used to measure narcotic tolerance as a shift in dose-effect relations following repeated drug administration.

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  • Tolerance was assessed in pigeons and rhesus monkeys under various reinforcement conditions (food and narcotics).
  • Pharmacological specificity was confirmed by testing sensitivity to nonnarcotic stereoisomers.

    • Main Results:

    • The extent of tolerance in food-reinforced responding correlated with the dose of morphine and the specific drug-induced behavioral changes.
    • Pharmacological specificity was demonstrated, with tolerance to narcotics not affecting sensitivity to nonnarcotic compounds.
    • Tolerant birds did not exhibit behavioral disturbances upon abrupt cessation of narcotic administration.

    Conclusions:

    • Narcotic tolerance is a specific phenomenon that develops with repeated exposure and is dose-dependent.
    • Tolerance does not invariably alter narcotic-reinforced responding, and prolonged self-administration may not induce tolerance.
    • The findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance and dependence.