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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

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Published on: December 1, 2013

Urothelial Bladder Cancer With Cardiac Metastasis: A Case Report.

Oualid Bounouar¹, Anouar El Moudane², Elie Andrea³

¹Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI Oujda, Oujda, MAR.

|March 16, 2026

Summary

This case study highlights a rare instance of advanced bladder cancer (urothelial carcinoma) with widespread metastases, including to the heart. The patient

Area of Science:

Oncology
Urology
Cardiology

Background:

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (TCC) can present with aggressive features.
Metastatic spread significantly impacts patient prognosis and treatment strategies.

Keywords:

18-fdg pet scan cardiac metastasis case report hematuria urothelial carcinoma

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