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Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

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Long-term mind-body exercise enhances cognitive control over working memory-driven attentional capture.

Biye Cai¹, Guoping Liu², Wu Jiang¹

¹School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Frontiers in Psychology

|March 16, 2026

Summary

Mind-body exercise, specifically Baduanjin, enhances cognitive control by improving resistance to working memory interference. This practice reduces attentional capture, benefiting attention and memory suppression in young adults.

Keywords:

attentional guidance cognitive control distractor suppression mind–body exercise working memory

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Exercise Science

Background:

Working memory (WM) representations automatically capture attention.
Cognitive control modulates this WM-driven attentional capture.
The impact of mind-body exercise on resisting WM proactive interference is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of Baduanjin mind-body exercise on WM-driven attentional capture.
To assess if Baduanjin improves resistance to proactive interference from working memory.
To explore the link between mind-body exercise and cognitive control.

Main Methods:

Used a WM/visual search dual-task paradigm.
Randomly assigned 67 college students into a Baduanjin training group or a control group.
The training group engaged in 16 weeks of Baduanjin (3 days/week, 60 min/session).

Main Results:

The Baduanjin group showed significantly reduced reaction times in both WM and visual search tasks.
The training group demonstrated a significant decrease in WM-driven attentional capture post-intervention.
The control group did not exhibit significant improvements in attentional capture.

Conclusions:

Long-term Baduanjin practice modulates WM-driven attentional capture in young adults.
Mind-body exercise may strengthen top-down cognitive control and attentional resource allocation.
This study offers preliminary evidence for exercise-induced improvements in distractor suppression and memory resistance.