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Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Glycemic Status and Developmental Outcomes in Korean Children Aged 18-36 Months: A Nationwide

Yeeun Han1, Hye Won Park2,3, Tae-Eun Kim4

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy
|March 16, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Maternal pre-pregnancy diabetes and prediabetes increase risks of developmental delays in children. Optimizing maternal blood sugar before conception is crucial for healthy child development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Maternal metabolic health significantly impacts early childhood development.
  • Understanding the link between maternal glycemic status and neurodevelopment is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy glycemic status and neurodevelopmental outcomes in Korean children.
  • To assess risks of developmental delays across various domains in relation to maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based retrospective cohort study using Korean national data (2014-2021).
  • Maternal fasting plasma glucose classified women into normal, prediabetes, and DM groups.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed at 18-24 and 30-36 months across six domains; inverse probability of treatment weighting used.

Main Results:

  • Maternal DM and prediabetes were linked to increased risks of developmental delays in multiple domains.
  • Offspring of mothers with DM showed elevated risks across all domains at both assessment periods.
  • Children of mothers with prediabetes had higher risks in cognition and self-care at 18-24 months, and gross motor, language, and sociality at 30-36 months.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal pre-pregnancy glycemic abnormalities, including prediabetes, are associated with increased risk of childhood developmental delays.
  • Improving maternal glycemic control before conception may enhance offspring neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
administrative claimschild developmentglucosehealth carelanguage developmentpersonality development

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