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Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with 6-Gingerol: A Bioinspired Approach to Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory, and
Chinnaperumal Kamaraj1,2, Dede Heri Yuli Yanto2, Vinoth Kumarasamy3
1Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
Purpose:
The aim of this work is to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles (Gi-MgO NPs) by extracting 6-gingerol (Gi) from Zingiber officinale rhizomes. The Gi-MgO NPs were further investigated for anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.
Methods:
The physical and chemical characteristics were examined by FT-IR, HPTLC, XRD, XPS, HR-SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, and zeta potential. Proton (1H) and carbon (13C) NMR spectroscopy were used to further understand the 6-gingerol compound. Gi-MgO NPs had well-dispersed spherical shapes with an average diameter of 26.18 ± 5.3 nm, a zeta potential of -16.82 ± 7.47 mV, and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.305, respectively. Following that, the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1), anti-inflammatory action, and anti-oxidant properties were used to test the Gi-MgO NPs effects.
Results:
The Gi-loaded nanoparticles were shown to be more effective than 6-gingerol, as evidenced by their increased toxicity against the THP-1 cell line (IC50 of 16.48 μg/mL) relative to control cells. Additionally, NPs demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory action with a membrane stabilization method value of 76.41% at 100 μg/mL. Subsequently, the DPPH and ABTS antioxidant properties of NPs showed significant inhibition rates of 69.82% and 78.16%, respectively.
Conclusion:
The present investigation revealed Gi-MgO NPs significant anticancer effect and ability to cause apoptosis in malignant cells by modifying the expression of apoptosis-related genes; however, additional ex vivo and molecular mechanism studies are required.
