Proteomic profiling and regenerative potential of bovine placental extract in wound healing models

The placenta is rich in proteins and metabolites that modulate repair processes. Bovine placental extract (BPE) offers a practical alternative to human-derived materials for regenerative applications. The study aimed to characterize the proteomic composition of BPE and evaluate its regenerative potential in vitro and in vivo. Proteins were profiled by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and analyzed through bioinformatic enrichment of signaling pathways. Regenerative activity was assessed in New Zealand rabbit excisional wounds and human fibroblast cultures using viability and scratch assays. A total of 204 proteins were identified, including 89 differentially expressed proteins enriched in transforming growth factor-β, WNT, and extracellular matrix pathways. Topical BPE accelerated wound closure in rabbits compared with saline controls (P < 0.05). In fibroblasts, viability remained above 80% across all concentrations, and migration showed a nonsignificant dose-dependent trend. BPE contains bioactive proteins linked to key repair pathways and enhances wound healing without cytotoxic effects. These results support its potential as a safe, accessible biomaterial for regenerative medicine.