The brain-bone-gut axis: a microbial bridge underlying multisystem comorbidities

Area of Science:

• Integrative physiology
• Interdisciplinary research
• Systems biology

Background:

• The brain-bone-gut axis is an emerging framework linking the central nervous system, skeletal system, and gut microbiota (GM).
• This axis involves bidirectional communication via neural, endocrine, and immune pathways.
• Understanding these interactions is crucial for addressing multi-organ comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically examine the interconnections within the brain-bone-gut axis.
• To elucidate the role of immune-inflammatory processes in linking gut dysbiosis to bone and brain health.
• To propose an integrated intervention strategy for improving gut homeostasis, skeletal health, and brain function.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of existing literature on the brain-bone axis, gut-bone axis, and gut-brain axis.
• Analysis of the role of immune-inflammatory pathways as a central mediator.
• Conceptual framework development for integrated interventions.

Main Results:

• The brain-bone-gut axis represents a complex regulatory network with significant implications for health and disease.
• Immune-inflammatory responses are identified as a key link between gut dysbiosis, bone metabolism, and neurological function.
• Synergistic effects across neural, endocrine, and immune pathways modulate organ system interactions.

Conclusions:

• An integrated approach combining microecological interventions, nutrition, and exercise can promote gut homeostasis.
• This integrated strategy aims to preserve skeletal integrity and support cognitive function.
• Coordinated benefits across multiple organ systems can be achieved through holistic interventions targeting the brain-bone-gut axis.