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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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Executive Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder Is Associated With Increased Cerebro-Cerebellar Resting-State

Xiaotong Zhang¹, Guorong Qiu¹, Zhiwei Mou²

¹Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan (Foshan Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology), School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, China, fshospital.org.cn.

Neural Plasticity

|March 16, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) shows altered brain connectivity, particularly in cerebro-cerebellar circuits, impacting executive functions like cognitive flexibility. These findings highlight the cerebellum's role in ASD executive function deficits.

Keywords:

autism spectrum disorders cerebro-cerebellar connectivity executive function resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-MRI)

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Published on: December 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
Executive functions (EF) are often impaired in individuals with ASD.
The cerebellum's role in cognitive functions, including EF, is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between cerebellar functional status and executive function (EF) scores in individuals with ASD.
To explore alterations in functional connectivity (FC) within cerebro-cerebellar circuits in ASD compared to typically developing (TD) individuals.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II (ABIDE II) dataset.
Included 71 ASD and 149 TD individuals with complete cerebellum fMRI data and Behavior Rating Inventory of EF (BRIEF) scores.
Quantified cerebellar intrinsic activity (PerAF) and assessed seed-based FC in predefined cerebellar regions of interest (ROIs).

Main Results:

No significant differences in cerebellar intrinsic activity (PerAF) were found between ASD and TD groups.
Functional connectivity (FC) analyses revealed predominantly increased cerebro-cerebellar connectivity in individuals with ASD.
Stronger FC between specific cerebellar regions (left Lobule VI, left Crus I) and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFGoper) correlated positively with poorer cognitive flexibility (BRIEF Shift scores).

Conclusions:

Cerebellar functional connectivity alterations, not intrinsic activity, may underlie executive function impairments in ASD.
Increased cerebro-cerebellar connectivity is associated with deficits in cognitive flexibility in ASD.
Findings suggest the cerebellum plays a significant role in EF in ASD and may offer targets for therapeutic interventions.