The effect of ginseng extract on fatigue in cancer survivors: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating long-term symptoms among cancer survivors, particularly those with gastrointestinal malignancies. Previous studies on Panax ginseng supplementation have shown inconsistent findings, and evidence in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer survivors remains limited. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of standardized Panax ginseng extract in reducing CRF.

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 65 survivors (≥ 4 months post-treatment) with moderate-to-severe CRF (Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI] score > 4) were allocated to receive either Panax ginseng extract (250 mg/day) or placebo for four weeks. Fatigue severity (BFI total score) was assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 27 software, where statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05.Data were analyzed using ANCOVA, controlling for baseline scores. Effect size (Cohen's d) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

At baseline, mean fatigue scores were similar between groups (Intervention: 5.36 ± 1.18; Placebo: 5.35 ± 1.23). After four weeks, the intervention group demonstrated significant reductions in fatigue (3.99 ± 0.86 vs. 5.37 ± 1.27, p < 0.001), with an adjusted mean difference of - 1.38 (95% CI: - 1.90, - 0.86; Cohen's d =  - 1.26). Significant improvements were also observed in general activity, walking ability, mood, and enjoyment of life in the intervention group. No treatment-related adverse events were reported.

Short-term Panax ginseng supplementation significantly reduced fatigue and improved multiple dimensions of daily functioning in GI cancer survivors, with excellent tolerability. These findings support Panax ginseng as a potential adjunctive intervention for CRF management within supportive care. Larger multicenter studies with extended follow-up are warranted.