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Use of Label-free Optical Biosensors to Detect Modulation of Potassium Channels by G-protein Coupled Receptors

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Published on: February 10, 2014

A DNA-Programmed Potassium Ion Magnetic Resonance Sensor.

Zeyu Liang^1,2, Xun Liu¹, Bo Zhang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Synergistic Chem-Bio Synthesis, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Technologies for Diagnosis and Therapy (NERC-AMRT), National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|March 16, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed a novel potassium-activated magnetic resonance sensor (KMRS) for in vivo potassium mapping. This breakthrough enables deep-tissue visualization of pathological potassium levels, aiding in early cancer detection.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Molecular Imaging
Nanotechnology

Background:

Disrupted potassium (K+) homeostasis is linked to altered membrane potential, electrolyte imbalance, and cancer.
Existing optical sensors lack the necessary depth for in vivo tissue imaging.
Current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lacks K+-selective contrast agents.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a K+-activated magnetic resonance sensor (KMRS) for in vivo K+ mapping.
To enable deep-tissue visualization of pathological K+ elevations.
To establish a generalizable framework for ion-responsive MRI probes.

Main Methods:

Designed a KMRS linking a Gd-DOTA reporter to an iron oxide (IO) quencher via a K+-selective DNA linker.
Utilized G-quadruplex folding to control magnetic relaxation based on K+ concentration.
Investigated K+-dependent modulation of longitudinal relaxivity (r1) in vitro and in vivo.

Main Results:

KMRS demonstrated K+-dependent modulation of relaxivity, with increased r1 in high K+ conditions.
The sensor enabled deep-tissue visualization of pathological K+ elevations.
Successfully discriminated between tumor and benign tissues based on ion levels.

Conclusions:

The KMRS provides a novel approach for noninvasive, K+-selective MRI.
This technology supports early detection of malignant foci and ion-based tissue discrimination.
The KMRS design offers a versatile platform for engineering other ion-responsive MRI probes.