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Mitochondria acidify lysosomes through membrane contacts.

Zhiqi Tian1, Rui Chen2, Guiqian Fang1

  • 1Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

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|March 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondria and lysosomes communicate at contact sites, transferring protons to acidify lysosomes. This process enhances cellular content degradation, particularly under disease conditions, revealing a new cellular function.

Keywords:
CP: cell biologylysosome acidificationmitochondria-lysosome contactproton flux

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Lysosome Biology

Background:

  • Lysosomal acidity is crucial for cellular digestion.
  • The source of protons for lysosomal acidification remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the source of protons for lysosomal acidification.
  • Determine the role of mitochondria-lysosome contacts in lysosomal function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a molecular probe to monitor lysosomal digestion.
  • Employed a mitochondrial probe to track proton flux.
  • Observed proton transfer at mitochondria-lysosome contact sites.

Main Results:

  • Enhanced lysosome content degradation was observed at mitochondria-lysosome contact sites.
  • Lysosomal acidification was identified as the cause of enhanced degradation.
  • A direct proton flux from mitochondria to lysosomes was detected at contact sites.
  • Increased lysosome acidification and content digestion were induced by physically proximity of mitochondria and lysosomes, especially in disease conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria-lysosome contacts are critical for lysosomal acidification.
  • Mitochondria serve as a source of protons for lysosomes.
  • Mitochondria-lysosome contacts play a significant role in cellular functions, including digestion and disease processes.