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Cardiomyopathy: A Guide for Primary Care

Joseph Coppiano1, Mark Carrasco2, Irfan Asif1

  • 1University of Alabama at Birmingham.

American Family Physician
|March 16, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This review explores nonischemic cardiomyopathies, heart muscle diseases with varied causes and symptoms. Early diagnosis and tailored management, including medical therapy and risk stratification, are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiomyopathy involves myocardial structural and functional abnormalities.
  • Nonischemic causes are the focus, presenting diverse clinical scenarios.
  • Symptoms vary by type, including dyspnea, fatigue, arrhythmia, and syncope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the nonischemic etiologies of cardiomyopathy.
  • To outline diagnostic evaluations and management strategies.
  • To highlight risk stratification and advanced treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on nonischemic cardiomyopathies.
  • Analysis of classification, presentation, and symptomatology.
  • Synthesis of current diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Cardiomyopathies are classified as primary or secondary.
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common primary type.
  • Evaluation involves history, physical exam, ECG, and advanced imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Management is type-specific, including guideline-directed medical therapy and arrhythmia control.
  • Risk stratification for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators is vital for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
  • Heart transplantation is an option for advanced disease stages.

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