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What's new in molecular genetic pathology 2026: emerging biomarkers for personalized cancer therapies

Umberto Maccio1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
|March 16, 2026
PubMed

Insights

New biomarkers and molecular assays for common lethal cancers like breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer are discussed. Emerging targets include HER2-low breast cancer and HER2-mutated lung cancer, improving treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Cancer Biomarkers

Background:

  • Breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers are leading causes of cancer mortality globally.
  • Advances in molecular biology have identified new targets and diagnostic tools for these prevalent cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging biomarkers and current molecular assays for major lethal cancers.
  • To highlight recent advancements in identifying targetable entities in breast and lung cancer.
  • To discuss prognostic and relapse risk assessment tools for prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on cancer biomarkers and molecular assays.
  • Focus on novel findings related to HER2-low breast cancer and HER2-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.
  • Analysis of tissue-based assays for prostate cancer prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of HER2-low breast cancer as a targetable entity.
  • Recognition of HER2-mutated non-small cell lung cancer as a targetable entity.
  • Availability of advanced tissue-based analyses for prostate cancer risk stratification.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging biomarkers and molecular assays are transforming the management of prevalent and lethal cancers.
  • Targeting HER2 in specific breast and lung cancer subtypes offers new therapeutic avenues.
  • Prognostic and predictive biomarkers are crucial for personalized treatment strategies in prostate cancer.

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