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Decoding moody mare syndrome: Retrospective study and tiered diagnostic framework.

A M Kareskoski¹

¹Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus 04920, Finland.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

|March 16, 2026

Summary

Estrus cycle misinterpretation is common in mares presenting with behavioral issues. This study found no repeatable link between estrus and problems, suggesting a need for better diagnostic frameworks in equine veterinary medicine.

Keywords:

Behavior Equine pain Estrus Mare Recurrent colic

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Area of Science:

Equine Veterinary Medicine
Animal Behavior
Reproductive Endocrinology

Background:

Behavioral issues in mares, including estrus, pain, and performance problems, are often linked to their estrous cycle.
This attribution may be overestimated by owners and clinicians, necessitating a closer examination of diagnostic practices.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze retrospective data of mares with estrus-related behavioral complaints.
To develop a structured diagnostic framework for evaluating these cases at various care levels.

Main Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 14,993 mare patient records was performed.
Data were examined to identify associations between behavioral symptoms, pain, performance, and the estrous cycle stage.

Main Results:

No repeatable association was found between estrus and behavioral problems, pain, or poor performance in mares.
Most mares (56.8%) exhibiting strong estrous behavior were in diestrus, indicating potential misinterpretation.
Internal medicine issues were common, particularly during diestrus, and aggressive behavior correlated with orthopedic diagnoses.

Conclusions:

The estrous cycle's role in mare behavior and pain may be overestimated.
A diagnostic framework emphasizing thorough gynecological exams and record-keeping is crucial.
Internal medicine and orthopedic diagnostics should be pursued based on clinical findings.