[Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of myelodysplastic neoplasms (2026)]

Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are a group of highly heterogeneous myeloid tumors originating from hematopoietic stem cells, clinically characterized by single or multiple lineage cytopenia with a risk of acute myeloid leukemia transformation. In recent years, significant progress has been made in basic research and the development of novel targeted therapy for MDS, and the 5th edition of the WHO classification has updated the subtypes of MDS. Therefore, the Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association has revised the "Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2019) " to standardize the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and treatment selection for MDS, thereby better guiding clinical practice.