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Fates of Pyruvate01:20

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Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
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Engineering Bulk Compression and Surface Tension Strains Toward Anaerobic 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Photoconversion.

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Engineered aluminum-doped rhodium nanoclusters on cadmium sulfide nanorods (Al/RhNC-CdS) enable mild, selective production of 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) and hydrogen from biomass. This strain-engineered catalyst shows high yields and potential for large-scale green plastic monomer manufacturing.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional production of 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), a key biomass plastic monomer, from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) often requires harsh conditions and leads to side reactions.
  • Developing efficient and selective methods for DFF and hydrogen coproduction under mild conditions is crucial for sustainable chemical manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer strain in rhodium nanoclusters-modified cadmium sulfide nanorods (RhNC-CdS) via aluminum doping (Al/RhNC-CdS) for enhanced photocatalytic production of DFF and hydrogen.
  • To investigate the effects of bulk compression and surface tension strain on the catalytic activity and selectivity of the engineered material.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of the developed catalyst for large-scale applications using concentrated solar energy.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of aluminum-doped rhodium nanoclusters-modified cadmium sulfide nanorods (Al/RhNC-CdS).
  • Utilizing in situ characterization techniques and first-principles simulations to analyze strain effects and reaction mechanisms.
  • Performing anaerobic photocatalytic coproduction experiments under neutral aqueous conditions and concentrated solar irradiation.

Main Results:

  • Al/RhNC-CdS exhibited significantly enhanced photogenerated charge separation and facilitated the dehydrogenation oxidation of HMF.
  • Achieved a 17-fold higher yield of H2 and a 9-fold higher yield of DFF (94.8% selectivity) compared to unmodified catalysts under mild conditions.
  • Demonstrated remarkable yields of H2 and DFF (95.4% selectivity) in a concentrated solar-driven system, indicating scalability.

Conclusions:

  • Strain engineering in Al/RhNC-CdS is a highly effective strategy for boosting the selective photocatalytic production of DFF and hydrogen from HMF.
  • The developed catalyst offers a sustainable and efficient alternative for producing green plastic monomers under mild, industrially relevant conditions.
  • The strain-induced activity enhancement strategy shows universal applicability for other metal nanocluster-loaded CdS systems.