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Mapping malaria risk using geospatial and AHP approaches in Nsanje District, Malawi.

Epidemiology and infection·2026
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Towards a framework for loss and damage programming: insights from Malawi.

Isaac Tchuwa1, Vincent Katonda1, Steven Gondwe2

  • 1Department of Climate Sciences, Ndata School of Climate and Earth Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Malawi.

Disasters
|March 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Malawi

Keywords:
climate risk governancecommunity participationequitable financial mechanismsloss and damage frameworknon‐economic loss and damage

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Area of Science:

  • Climate science and disaster risk management.
  • Environmental governance and adaptation studies.
  • Socio-economic impacts of climate change.

Background:

  • Climate-induced extremes in Malawi highlight governance deficits in loss and damage (L&D).
  • Non-economic losses are often excluded from conventional post-disaster assessments.
  • Effective L&D governance requires comprehensive accounting of diverse loss types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test an operational framework for Loss and Damage (L&D) programming.
  • To integrate economic and non-economic losses into L&D governance.
  • To link evidence of loss to appropriate financial and policy instruments.

Main Methods:

  • Household loss inventories and participatory mapping in Nsanje and Zomba districts.
  • Geospatial analysis of hazard footprints and community consultations.
  • Development of a theme-by-site matrix for organizing and coding community-reported losses.

Main Results:

  • Systematic undervaluation of non-economic losses identified.
  • Spatially clustered and severe burdens of loss and damage observed.
  • Identified finance needs significantly exceed current pilot initiative capacities.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework provides a transferable model for equitable L&D governance.
  • Addressing non-economic losses is crucial for effective climate adaptation.
  • Enhanced L&D governance is essential for climate-vulnerable nations.