Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies
Published on: March 23, 2018
Fulminant type 1 diabetes with high-titer anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies: Likely rapid progression from
Megumi Sato1,2, Junnosuke Miura1, Hikaru Oyatsu1
1Division of Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract:
A 61-year-old man visited our hospital with a sudden onset of polydipsia and polyuria occurring 5 days prior, accompanied by a 5-kg weight loss. A month prior, his glycated hemoglobin level was 6.2%. Precisely 8 days before the first visit, he had a fever, and hyperglycemic symptoms began shortly thereafter. At the first visit, he had a blood glucose level of 465 mg/dL, a glycated hemoglobin level of 7.7%, and ketosis. He was diagnosed with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus. The antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies were >2000 IU/mL, without other pancreatic islet-related autoantibodies. The human leukocyte antigen haplotype was DRB1*09:01-DQB1*03:03 and DRB1*13:02-DQB1*06:04. Intensive insulin therapy was initiated, and the patient was admitted for monitoring the blood glucose profile. The anti-GAD antibody turned negative approximately 7 months later. Some infections may have triggered rapid pancreatic islet destruction in an autoimmunity-induced impaired glucose tolerance state.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
Glucose Transporters
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:

