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Mechano-Chemical Interfaces Enabling Permeable, Durable Liquid-Metal Textile Electronics for Athletic
Xiaosen Pan1,2, Yi Niu1,2,3, Yuheng Lv1,2
1The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China.
ACS Sensors
|March 17, 2026
Summary
Engineered liquid-metal electronics achieve stable, comfortable wear on textiles. This innovation enhances signal integrity for reliable physiological monitoring during physical activity.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Biomedical Engineering
- Textile Electronics
Background:
- Liquid-metal textile electronics offer superior conductivity and comfort over traditional patches.
- High surface tension of liquid metals causes interfacial failure, degrading signals, especially on absorbent cotton substrates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To enhance the stability and performance of liquid-metal electronics on cotton textiles.
- To overcome interfacial failure issues caused by sweat, friction, and deformation.
Main Methods:
- Engineered liquid metal wettability using inositol hexaphosphate.
- Applied mechano-chemical treatment to anchor liquid metals onto cotton fibers via hydrogen bonds.
Main Results:
- Achieved interfaces stable through 15,000 deformation cycles, 7-day sweat immersion, and high-speed laundering.
- Maintained a signal-to-noise ratio of 22.82 dB, outperforming commercial gel electrodes.
- Successfully captured precise electrophysiological data during strenuous exercise.
Conclusions:
- Developed robust liquid-metal textile electronics with enhanced durability and signal stability.
- Demonstrated potential for real-time physiological risk assessment in athletic settings.
Keywords:
athletic electrophysiologyepidermal electrodeliquid metalmechano-chemical interfacestextile electronics
