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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Encapsulation Thermogenic Preadipocytes for Transplantation into Adipose Tissue Depots

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Published on: June 2, 2015

Bioengineered Probiotic-Prebiotic Hierarchical Microspheres With pH-Responsive Architecture Reprogram

Jiangbangrui Chu¹, Xiaofan Xu², Yurui Xu³

¹Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|March 17, 2026

Summary

Bioengineered microspheres deliver probiotics and prebiotics to restore gut microbiota balance and reprogram the immune system, offering a novel obesity treatment. This approach improves metabolic health and reduces inflammation in obese mice.

Keywords:

immunometabolic reprogramming microfluidics‐based phase separation and electrospraying obesity‐related disorders pH‐Responsive architecture probiotic‐prebiotic hierarchical microspheres

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Evaluating Cell Death Using Cell-Free Supernatant of Probiotics in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures of Colorectal Cancer Cells

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Area of Science:

Immunometabolism
Microbiome Research
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Obesity is a chronic immunometabolic disorder linked to gut microbiota imbalance and impaired gut-adipose signaling.
Current treatments often lack targeted delivery and fail to address the complex interplay between microbial communities and host immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate pH-responsive probiotic-prebiotic microspheres (MicroSym) for treating obesity-related immunometabolic dysfunction.
To investigate MicroSym's ability to restore gut microbiota, modulate immune responses, and improve metabolic parameters.

Main Methods:

MicroSym fabrication using microfluidics and electrostatic spraying, embedding probiotics in a lotus-derived prebiotic matrix.
In vitro assessment of pH-responsive disassembly and probiotic release.
In vivo evaluation in diet-induced obese mice, including microbiome analysis, glucose tolerance tests, lipid accumulation assessment, and cytokine profiling.

Main Results:

MicroSym demonstrated pH-responsive release of probiotics and prebiotics in the intestine.
Oral administration of MicroSym remodeled gut microbiota composition in obese mice.
Treatment improved glucose tolerance, reduced adipose tissue lipid accumulation, and normalized systemic cytokine profiles.

Conclusions:

Biofabricated MicroSym microspheres effectively coordinate microbial restoration and immune reprogramming for obesity treatment.
This platform offers a translatable therapeutic strategy for managing obesity-associated immunometabolic diseases by targeting microbiota-immune-metabolic crosstalk.