Systemic lupus erythematosus: one year in review 2026

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by a complex pathogenesis, heterogeneous clinical manifestations and a variable disease course. This review summarises the most relevant contributions on SLE published during 2025, following the framework of the One Year in Review series. In particular, we focus on emerging pathogenetic insights, novel and refined biomarkers, clinical manifestations and outcomes, comorbidities, and evidence from clinical trials and real-world studies, highlighting both recent progress and persistent unmet needs in the management of SLE.