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High-performance all-optical pressure sensor utilizing optimized photonic crystal nanocavity.

Shivesh Kumar, Mrinal Sen, Tanmoy Datta

    Applied Optics
    |March 17, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel optical pressure sensor utilizing a 2D photonic crystal nanocavity. The sensor demonstrates high sensitivity and stable performance across a wide temperature range, making it suitable for advanced pressure sensing applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Nanotechnology
    • Optical Sensing

    Background:

    • Optical sensors offer non-invasive measurement capabilities.
    • Photonic crystal nanocavities provide a platform for highly sensitive optical devices.
    • Pressure sensing is critical in various industrial and scientific fields.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and develop a novel optical pressure sensor based on a 2D photonic crystal nanocavity.
    • To optimize the sensor for high sensitivity and quality factor.
    • To evaluate the sensor's performance, including sensitivity, figure of merit, and temperature stability.

    Main Methods:

    • Modeling refractive index variation using COMSOL Multiphysics.
    • Optimizing nanocavity design by adjusting air hole parameters.
    • Analyzing photonic band structure and sensing parameters using plane wave expansion and finite-difference time-domain techniques.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a high-quality factor of 1.0443×10^6.
    • Demonstrated a pressure sensitivity of 20.17 nm/GPa.
    • Exhibited a refractive index sensitivity of 506.184 nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 2.4155×10^5 RIU^-1.
    • Confirmed stable operation from 0°C to 540°C.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed optical pressure sensor shows excellent sensing performance with high sensitivity and a low detection limit.
    • The sensor's design and optimization lead to superior performance metrics.
    • The device is suitable for high-temperature pressure sensing applications, with potential for further investigation into fabrication tolerances.