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    This study introduces a new framework for laser feedback interferometry (LFI) to measure multiple targets simultaneously. The validated model accurately analyzes complex optical feedback paths for enhanced non-contact sensing applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metrology
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • Laser feedback interferometry (LFI) offers compact, high-sensitivity non-contact sensing.
    • Current LFI is limited to single-target measurements due to complexity from multiple feedback paths.
    • Simultaneous multi-target measurement in LFI is a significant challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a unified theoretical and computational framework for LFI systems with multiple reflectors.
    • To model and solve the excess phase equation for LFI with one or more external targets.
    • To enable robust analysis across weak and moderate/strong optical feedback regimes.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a unified theoretical and computational framework for LFI.
    • Modeled and solved the excess phase equation for multi-reflector LFI systems.
    • Validated the model through experimental measurements of absolute distances to two targets.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a unified framework for modeling multi-target LFI.
    • Achieved strong agreement between simulation and experimental LFI signals.
    • Successfully measured absolute distances to two targets using a single laser source.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed framework effectively models and solves multi-target LFI.
    • The approach is robust across various optical feedback strengths.
    • Enables advanced non-contact sensing with simultaneous multi-target capabilities.