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    This study shows Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm phase compensation can fix vortex beam distortions caused by atmospheric turbulence, improving remote rotational velocity measurements. Optimizing parameters enhances performance for practical adaptive optics applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Remote Sensing
    • Adaptive Optics

    Background:

    • Vortex beams, with unique spiral wavefront and orbital angular momentum (OAM), are promising for rotational velocity measurement via the rotational Doppler effect.
    • Atmospheric turbulence significantly distorts vortex beams, increasing velocity measurement errors in remote sensing applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally validate the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm for phase compensation of turbulence-induced distortions in vortex beams.
    • To analyze the impact of turbulence intensity, GS iterations, OAM modes, and sampling duration on velocity measurement accuracy.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental implementation of GS algorithm phase compensation on distorted vortex beams.
    • Systematic analysis of velocity measurement performance under varying turbulence conditions and algorithm parameters.

    Main Results:

    • GS algorithm effectively restored distorted optical fields and reduced velocity measurement errors.
    • Optimizing GS iterations, OAM mode, and sampling duration mitigated turbulence effects on measurement metrics.
    • Distortion and spatial overlap of petal-shaped spots were successfully corrected.

    Conclusions:

    • Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm phase compensation is a viable method to overcome atmospheric turbulence challenges in vortex beam-based remote velocity sensing.
    • Adaptive optical algorithms show practical application potential for enhancing remote velocity measurement accuracy.