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Dynamically tunable directional emission from GaN micro-LED enabled by a liquid crystal metasurface.

Chen Wan, Hang Jiang, Jun Wei Hu

    Applied Optics
    |March 17, 2026
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    Summary

    This study introduces a novel micro-light-emitting diode (micro-LED) integrated with a liquid crystal metasurface (LCM). This device achieves highly directional, polarized light emission and dynamic beam steering for advanced optical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Metasurface technology
    • Liquid crystal devices

    Background:

    • Conventional micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) emit unpolarized light with Lambertian distribution.
    • Controlling micro-LED polarization and directionality typically requires bulky optical components.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and numerically investigate a novel micro-LED device integrated with a liquid crystal metasurface (LCM).
    • To achieve dynamic control of beam deflection and polarization state in a compact micro-LED.

    Main Methods:

    • Integration of a subwavelength metallic grating and distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) to form a Fabry-Pérot resonant cavity.
    • Incorporation of an electrically tunable liquid crystal metasurface (LCM) for dynamic beam steering.
    • Numerical investigation of device performance, including polarization purity, divergence angle, and beam deflection capabilities.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved highly directional, TE-polarized emission with an extinction ratio >42 dB and divergence angle <25°.
    • Demonstrated dynamic beam steering up to 50° using the integrated LCM via an applied electric field.
    • Observed low-dispersion characteristics of the proposed micro-LED device.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel micro-LED integrated with LCM offers dynamic control over emission directionality and polarization.
    • The device achieves high optical performance within a compact structure.
    • Potential applications include dynamic holographic displays, augmented reality, and advanced optical communication systems.