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Optical polarization multiplexing-based integrated sensing and communication system on optical fiber.

Mingxuan Ma, Meihua Bi, Xuyang Teng

    Applied Optics
    |March 17, 2026
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    Summary

    This study introduces a novel fiber-based integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system using polarization multiplexing. The system achieves high-speed communication and precise fiber sensing simultaneously with reduced complexity and cost.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Telecommunications
    • Sensing Technology

    Background:

    • Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems offer combined functionalities.
    • Existing ISAC systems face challenges with signal interference and resource contention.
    • Fiber-optic systems are crucial for high-speed data transmission.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel fiber-based ISAC system utilizing polarization multiplexing.
    • To enable simultaneous high-speed communication and high-resolution fiber sensing.
    • To reduce implementation complexity and cost for ISAC on optical fiber (ISAC-OF) systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing orthogonal polarization states for independent communication and sensing signals.
    • Integrating Intensity Modulation Direct Detection (IMDD) with Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR).
    • Employing a one-time polarization state calibration at the communication receiver.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a data rate of 25 Gbps over 20 km of standard single-mode fiber.
    • Achieved a sensing resolution better than 20 cm.
    • Obtained a maximum reflection localization error of 3 cm.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed polarization-multiplexed ISAC-OF system effectively reduces interference.
    • The system integrates high-speed communication and high-resolution sensing without time-domain contention.
    • The simplified receiver architecture significantly lowers deployment costs.